tempus_fugit さん
ブログ村
「無料」と「自由」、どっちの free？ (free as in free beer, free as in speech / gratis, libre) [辞書に載っていない表現]
前回は、fresh に「新鮮な」のほか「塩分のない」という意味があることや salt-free という単語について触れたが、この free も２つの異なる意味を持つ。
同様にまぎらわしい funny には、どちらかを確かめるために funny ha-ha or funny peculiar という表現があることも以前書いたが、free にもこうした言い回しがある。それが free as in free beer と free as in speech である。
私は文系人間なのですべて受け売りになるが、ソフトウェアにからんで、「フリーソフト」（無料）と、オープンソースのフリーソフトウェアの「ライセンスフリー」（自由）を区別するために考えだされた表現であるという。
- free as in beer (not comparable)
(used only predicatively) Free in the sense of costing no money; gratis.
This term and its counterpart free as in speech are mostly used in computing contexts
（後略）
(Wiktionary)
- free as in speech (not comparable)
(used only predicatively) Free in the sense of having no restrictions; libre.
(ibid.)
上記の gratis と libre はラテン語だろうが、Wikipedia はこの２つの語を項目とし、その中で free as in free beer と free as in speech を説明していた。
少し長いが一部を引用しよう。
- The English adjective free is commonly used in one of two meanings: "for zero price" (gratis) and "with little or no restriction" (libre). This ambiguity of free can cause issues where the distinction is important, as it often is in dealing with laws concerning the use of information, such as copyright and patents. （中略）
As the English adjective free does not distinguish between "for zero price" and "liberty", the phrases "free as in free beer" (gratis, freeware) and "free as in free speech" (libre, free software) were adopted. （中略）
"Free software is a matter of liberty, not price. To understand the concept, you should think of free as in free speech, not as in free beer."
-Richard Stallman
These phrases have become common, along with gratis and libre, in the software development and computer law fields for encapsulating this distinction.
( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gratis_versus_libre )
ウェブで検索して目にする実例は、どれもソフトウェアや著作権、オープンソースをめぐる運動に関するものがほとんどだったが、それ以外の例も少ないながら見つけたので少し引用してみよう。
- Information can be "free as in speech" (i.e., available for access, downloading, and modification) without being "free as in beer." (i.e., given away for no charge).
(A Companion to New Media Dynamics)
- The main question asked in this paper is “what should 'free access' mean in relation to legal information in order for it to be fully effective?” As with software, we must ask whether free access to law is ‘free as in beer, or free as in speech?’
( http://ojs.law.cornell.edu/index.php/joal/article/view/11 )
同様にまぎらわしい funny には、どちらかを確かめるために funny ha-ha or funny peculiar という表現があることも以前書いたが、free にもこうした言い回しがある。それが free as in free beer と free as in speech である。
私は文系人間なのですべて受け売りになるが、ソフトウェアにからんで、「フリーソフト」（無料）と、オープンソースのフリーソフトウェアの「ライセンスフリー」（自由）を区別するために考えだされた表現であるという。
- free as in beer (not comparable)
(used only predicatively) Free in the sense of costing no money; gratis.
This term and its counterpart free as in speech are mostly used in computing contexts
（後略）
(Wiktionary)
- free as in speech (not comparable)
(used only predicatively) Free in the sense of having no restrictions; libre.
(ibid.)
上記の gratis と libre はラテン語だろうが、Wikipedia はこの２つの語を項目とし、その中で free as in free beer と free as in speech を説明していた。
少し長いが一部を引用しよう。
- The English adjective free is commonly used in one of two meanings: "for zero price" (gratis) and "with little or no restriction" (libre). This ambiguity of free can cause issues where the distinction is important, as it often is in dealing with laws concerning the use of information, such as copyright and patents. （中略）
As the English adjective free does not distinguish between "for zero price" and "liberty", the phrases "free as in free beer" (gratis, freeware) and "free as in free speech" (libre, free software) were adopted. （中略）
"Free software is a matter of liberty, not price. To understand the concept, you should think of free as in free speech, not as in free beer."
-Richard Stallman
These phrases have become common, along with gratis and libre, in the software development and computer law fields for encapsulating this distinction.
( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gratis_versus_libre )
ウェブで検索して目にする実例は、どれもソフトウェアや著作権、オープンソースをめぐる運動に関するものがほとんどだったが、それ以外の例も少ないながら見つけたので少し引用してみよう。
- Information can be "free as in speech" (i.e., available for access, downloading, and modification) without being "free as in beer." (i.e., given away for no charge).
(A Companion to New Media Dynamics)
- The main question asked in this paper is “what should 'free access' mean in relation to legal information in order for it to be fully effective?” As with software, we must ask whether free access to law is ‘free as in beer, or free as in speech?’
( http://ojs.law.cornell.edu/index.php/joal/article/view/11 )
にほんブログ村← 参加中です
いつも更新楽しみにしております
アメリカのfree wayは両方の意味を含んだ掛言葉的な意味だと
ロサンジェルス在住の人に何十年か前に言われたのを思い出しました
by eGuy (2015-03-10 10:03)
あ、言われてみると、なるほどそうなのですか。これはおもしろいですね。どうもありがとうございました。
by tempus fugit (2015-03-12 01:26)